Title
Opening the Drawn Curtain: Decoding the Gendered Personhood of the ‘Woman Poet’ in Persian Poetry
Of all the many ways in which literature can be delineated and categorized, distinctions along…
Footnotes
- 1Farzaneh Milani, Words and Veils: The Emerging Voices of the Iranian Women Writers (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1992), 11
- 2Andrew Ashfield, “Introduction,” Romantic Women Poets 1770–1838, edited by Andrew Ashfield (Manchester, 1995), xii
- 3For British female poetry canon formation, see Terry, Richard. “Making the Female Canon,” ed. Terry, Richard, Poetry and the Making of the English Literary Past: 1660-1781 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), 252-285. For a similar discussion in the Persianate context, see Farzaneh, Milani. “Words and Veils: The Emerging Voices of the Iranian Women Writers (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1992).
- 4D. P. Brookshaw, “Women in Praise of Women: Female Poets and Female Patrons in Qajar Iran,” Iranian Studies, vol. 46, no. 1 (2013), 18-19.
- 5See Sunil Sharma, “From ʿĀesha to Nur Jahān,” 155.
- 6Sharma, “From ʿĀesha to Nur Jahān,” 156.
- 7Maria Szuppe, “The Female Intellectual Milieu in Timurid and Post-Timurid Herāt: Faxri Heravi’s Biography of Poetesses, “Javāher Al-‘Ajāyeb,” Oriente Moderno (1996), vol. 15, no. 76, p. 119-137.
- 8Sunil Sharma, “From ʿĀesha to Nur Jahān: The Shaping of a Classical Persian Poetic Canon of Women,” Journal of Persiante Studies 2 (2009), 152.
- 9Maria Szuppe, “The Female Intellectual Milieu in Timurid Period,” 123.
- 10To read more on Farrokhzad’s poetry, see Farzaneh Milani, “Love and Sexuality in the Poetry of Forugh Farrokhzad: A Reconsideration,” Iranian Studies, 1982, vol. 15, no. 1/4 (1982), 117-128.
- 11Farzaneh Milani, Words and Veils: The Emerging Voices of the Iranian Women Writers (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1992), 11.
- 12Milani, Words and Veils, 11.
- 13Milani, Words and Veils, 11.
- 14Butler, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (New York: Routledge, 1990), p.44
- 15Farzaneh Milani, Veils and Words, 11-12.
- 16Luce Irigaray, This Sex Which is Not One (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1977), 211.
- 17Judith Butler, “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory,” Feminist Critical Theory and Theatre, ed. Sue-Ellen Case (Baltimore: John Hopkins, UP, 1990), 273.
- 18Farid al-Din Attar Neishabouri, Elāhināmeh, ed. Mohammadreza Shafi‘i Kadkani (Tehran: Sokhan, 2008), 371.
- 19Sunil Sharma, “From ʿĀesha to Nur Jahān,” 151.
- 20Safoura Nourbakhsh, “The Costly Transgression: Woman as Lover in Sufi Discourse,” Sufi Journal of Mystical Philosophy and Practice, no. 98 (Winter Issue, 2020), 37-41.
- 21Noor Al-din Muhammad ‘Awfi Bukhari, Lubāb Al-bāb (Persian Edition), ed. Edward Browne (London-Leyden, 1930), entry 51, page 61.
- 22Dick Davis, Mirror of My Heart: A Thousand Years of Persian Poetry by Women (Washington D.C, Mage Publishers, 2019), xxii.
- 23Davis, Mirror of My Heart, xxiii-xxiv.
- 24Farid al-Din Attar Neishabouri, Elāhināmeh, ed. Mohammadreza Shafi‘i Kadkani (Tehran: Sokhan, 2008), 371.
- 25Nourbakhsh, “The Costly Transgression,” 41.
- 26Attar, Ilāhināmah, 371-372.
- 27Attar, Ilāhināmah, 372.
- 28Julie Scott Meisami, Medieval Persian Court Poetry (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1987), Ch.1.
- 29Attar, Ilāhināmah, 384.
- 30Attar, Ilāhināmah, 384.
- 31Attar, Ilāhināmah, 372.
- 32Attar, Ilāhināmah, 379.
- 33Attar, Ilāhināmah, 379.
- 34Attar, Ilāhināmah, 379.
- 35Abdul Rahman Jami, Nafahat al-uns (Tehran: Ketabforushi-ye Mahmoudi, 1957), 629.
- 36Farid al-Din Attar, cited in Annemarie Schimmel’s introduction to Margaret Smith, Rabi‘a the Mystic and Her Fellow-Saints in Islam (London: Cambridge University Press, 1984), xxxvi. For more information on Rabeʿeh Al Adawiya and her mythologization, see Rkia Elaroui Cornell, Rabi’a: From Narrative to Myth (London: Oneworld Academic, 2019).
- 37Farid al-Din Attar, cited in Reuben Levy, The Social Structure of Islam (London: Cambridge University Press, 1969), 132.
- 38Davis, Mirror of My Heart, 6-7.
- 39Sarah Ahmad, Living a Feminist Life, Ch. 8.
- 40Davis, Mirror of My Heart, 6-7.
- 41Davis, Mirror of My Heart, 6-7.
- 42Forugh Farrokhzad, “Sin”, translated by Dick Davis, Mirror of My heart, p.366-367
- 43Forugh Farrokhzad, “Sin”, translated by Dick Davis, Mirror of My heart, p.366-367
- 44Susan Brown sets forward a useful conceptualization of the category of “poetess” in her article about Victorian poetess. See, Susan Brown, “The Victorian Poetess,” in The Cambridge Companion to Victorian Poetry, ed. Joseph Bristow (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 184-186.
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